China - Revision history

Sheldon: Sheldon: 12 items shown, 0 provenance group(s), 2026-02-27..2026-08-25

2026-08-26T02:40:55Z

Sheldon: 12 items shown, 0 provenance group(s), 2026-02-27..2026-08-25

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:40, 25 August 2026
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	=== Leaders ===		=== Leaders ===

	Chief of state: President [[Xi Jinping\|XI Jinping]] (since 14 March 2013) Head of government: Premier LI Qiang (since 11 March 2023) [19]		Chief of state: President [[Xi Jinping\|XI Jinping]] (since 14 March 2013) Head of government: Premier [[Li Qiang\|LI Qiang]] (since 11 March 2023) [19]


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	* rev 11, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources		* rev 11, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources
	* rev 12, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources		* rev 12, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources
			* rev 13, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==

Sheldon: Sheldon: 12 items shown, 0 provenance group(s), 2026-02-27..2026-08-25

2026-08-26T02:22:27Z

Sheldon: 12 items shown, 0 provenance group(s), 2026-02-27..2026-08-25

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:22, 25 August 2026
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	=== Leaders ===		=== Leaders ===

	Chief of state: President XI Jinping (since 14 March 2013) Head of government: Premier LI Qiang (since 11 March 2023) [19]		Chief of state: President [[Xi Jinping\|XI Jinping]] (since 14 March 2013) Head of government: Premier LI Qiang (since 11 March 2023) [19]


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	* rev 10, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources		* rev 10, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources
	* rev 11, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources		* rev 11, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources
			* rev 12, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==

Sheldon: Sheldon: 12 items shown, 0 provenance group(s), 2026-02-27..2026-08-25

2026-08-26T02:09:18Z

Sheldon: 12 items shown, 0 provenance group(s), 2026-02-27..2026-08-25

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:09, 25 August 2026
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	=== Military ===		=== Military ===

	Branches: People's Liberation Army (PLA): Ground Forces or People's Liberation Army Army (PLAA), Navy (PLAN, includes Marine Corps (PLANMC)), Air Force (PLAAF), Rocket Force (PLARF), Aerospace Force (ASF), Cyberspace Force (CSF), Information Support Force (ISF), Joint Logistics Support Force (JLSF); People's Armed Police (PAP, includes Coast Guard, Border Defense Force, Internal Security Forces); PLA Reserve Force (2025) Expenditures: 1.5% of GDP (2024 est.) Personnel: approximately 2 million active-duty PLA (950,000-1 million Ground; 250,000 Navy, including about 50,000 Marines; 350-400,000 Air Force; 120,000 Rocket Forces; 150-175,000 other forces) (2025) Equipment: the PLA is mostly equipped with domestically produced armaments with smaller amounts of imported weaponry, largely from Russia; China has one of the world's largest defense-industrial sectors and is capable of producing advanced weapons systems across all military domains (2025) [40]		Branches: People's Liberation Army (PLA): Ground Forces or People's Liberation Army Army (PLAA), Navy (PLAN, includes Marine Corps (PLANMC)), Air Force (PLAAF), Rocket Force (PLARF), Aerospace Force (ASF), Cyberspace Force (CSF), Information Support Force (ISF), Joint Logistics Support Force (JLSF); People's Armed Police (PAP, includes Coast Guard, Border Defense Force, Internal Security Forces); PLA Reserve Force (2025) Expenditures: 1.5% of GDP (2024 est.) Personnel: approximately 2 million active-duty PLA (950,000-1 million Ground; 250,000 Navy, including about 50,000 Marines; 350-400,000 Air Force; 120,000 Rocket Forces; 150-175,000 other forces) (2025) Equipment: the PLA is mostly equipped with domestically produced armaments with smaller amounts of imported weaponry, largely from [[Russia]]; China has one of the world's largest defense-industrial sectors and is capable of producing advanced weapons systems across all military domains (2025) [40]


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	* rev 9, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources		* rev 9, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources
	* rev 10, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources		* rev 10, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources
			* rev 11, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==

Sheldon: Sheldon: 12 items shown, 0 provenance group(s), 2026-02-27..2026-08-25

2026-08-26T02:04:10Z

Sheldon: 12 items shown, 0 provenance group(s), 2026-02-27..2026-08-25

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:04, 25 August 2026
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			{{Infobox place\|name=China\|type=Place or actor\|region=indo pacific\|rows=90\|asof=2026-08-25\|image=[[File:china-flag.png\|thumb\|220px\|China flag. (Zeng Liansong, Public domain)]][[File:china-map.png\|thumb\|220px\|China locator map. (Ssolbergj, CC BY-SA 4.0)]]}}

	'''China''' as this archive records it. Every line in the reporting sections below is a headline that was collected, with its outlet and date. Nothing here is written by a model: if a claim appears, some outlet made it, and this page does not say whether it is true. The Background section is different in kind: those lines are encyclopedic facts from a reference work, each cited to the source it came from.		'''China''' as this archive records it. Every line in the reporting sections below is a headline that was collected, with its outlet and date. Nothing here is written by a model: if a claim appears, some outlet made it, and this page does not say whether it is true. The Background section is different in kind: those lines are encyclopedic facts from a reference work, each cited to the source it came from.

	{{Infobox place\|name=China\|type=Place or actor\|region=indo pacific\|rows=90\|asof=2026-08-25\|image=[[File:china-flag.png\|thumb\|220px\|China flag. (Zeng Liansong, Public domain)]][[File:china-map.png\|thumb\|220px\|China locator map. (Ssolbergj, CC BY-SA 4.0)]]}}

	{{Situation\|asof=2026-08-25\|summary=Most recent archived item: China’s ‘Three-Anti’ Legal Framework in Action - reported by The Diplomat\|latest=The Diplomat}}		{{Situation\|asof=2026-08-25\|summary=Most recent archived item: China’s ‘Three-Anti’ Legal Framework in Action - reported by The Diplomat\|latest=The Diplomat}}
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	* rev 8, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources		* rev 8, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources
	* rev 9, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources		* rev 9, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources
			* rev 10, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==

Sheldon: Sheldon: 12 items shown, 0 provenance group(s), 2026-02-27..2026-08-25

2026-08-26T01:50:43Z

Sheldon: 12 items shown, 0 provenance group(s), 2026-02-27..2026-08-25

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:50, 25 August 2026
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	'''China''' as this archive records it. Every line in the reporting sections below is a headline that was collected, with its outlet and date. Nothing here is written by a model: if a claim appears, some outlet made it, and this page does not say whether it is true. The Background section is different in kind: those lines are encyclopedic facts from a reference work, each cited to the source it came from.		'''China''' as this archive records it. Every line in the reporting sections below is a headline that was collected, with its outlet and date. Nothing here is written by a model: if a claim appears, some outlet made it, and this page does not say whether it is true. The Background section is different in kind: those lines are encyclopedic facts from a reference work, each cited to the source it came from.

	{{Infobox place\|name=China\|type=Place or actor\|region=indo pacific\|rows=90\|asof=2026-08-25\|image=[[File:china-flag.png\|thumb\|China flag. (Zeng Liansong, Public domain)]][[File:china-map.png\|thumb\|China locator map. (Ssolbergj, CC BY-SA 4.0)]]}}		{{Infobox place\|name=China\|type=Place or actor\|region=indo pacific\|rows=90\|asof=2026-08-25\|image=[[File:china-flag.png\|thumb\|220px\|China flag. (Zeng Liansong, Public domain)]][[File:china-map.png\|thumb\|220px\|China locator map. (Ssolbergj, CC BY-SA 4.0)]]}}

	{{Situation\|asof=2026-08-25\|summary=Most recent archived item: China’s ‘Three-Anti’ Legal Framework in Action - reported by The Diplomat\|latest=The Diplomat}}		{{Situation\|asof=2026-08-25\|summary=Most recent archived item: China’s ‘Three-Anti’ Legal Framework in Action - reported by The Diplomat\|latest=The Diplomat}}

Sheldon: Sheldon: 12 items shown, 0 provenance group(s), 2026-02-27..2026-08-25

2026-08-26T01:46:49Z

Sheldon: 12 items shown, 0 provenance group(s), 2026-02-27..2026-08-25

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:46, 25 August 2026
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	'''China''' as this archive records it. Every line in the reporting sections below is a headline that was collected, with its outlet and date. Nothing here is written by a model: if a claim appears, some outlet made it, and this page does not say whether it is true. The Background section is different in kind: those lines are encyclopedic facts from a reference work, each cited to the source it came from.		'''China''' as this archive records it. Every line in the reporting sections below is a headline that was collected, with its outlet and date. Nothing here is written by a model: if a claim appears, some outlet made it, and this page does not say whether it is true. The Background section is different in kind: those lines are encyclopedic facts from a reference work, each cited to the source it came from.

	{{Infobox place\|name=China\|type=Place or actor\|region=indo pacific\|rows=90\|asof=2026-08-25}}		{{Infobox place\|name=China\|type=Place or actor\|region=indo pacific\|rows=90\|asof=2026-08-25\|image=[[File:china-flag.png\|thumb\|China flag. (Zeng Liansong, Public domain)]][[File:china-map.png\|thumb\|China locator map. (Ssolbergj, CC BY-SA 4.0)]]}}

	{{Situation\|asof=2026-08-25\|summary=Most recent archived item: China’s ‘Three-Anti’ Legal Framework in Action - reported by The Diplomat\|latest=The Diplomat}}		{{Situation\|asof=2026-08-25\|summary=Most recent archived item: China’s ‘Three-Anti’ Legal Framework in Action - reported by The Diplomat\|latest=The Diplomat}}
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	* rev 7, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources		* rev 7, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources
	* rev 8, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources		* rev 8, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources
			* rev 9, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==
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	* [39] The National Bureau of Statistics estimated that the population fell 850,000 from 2021 to 2022, the first decline since 1961. In 2025, China recorded 7.92 million births, the lowest recorded birthrate since at least 1949. - 1787707299.963839		* [39] The National Bureau of Statistics estimated that the population fell 850,000 from 2021 to 2022, the first decline since 1961. In 2025, China recorded 7.92 million births, the lowest recorded birthrate since at least 1949. - 1787707299.963839
	* [40] Branches: People's Liberation Army (PLA): Ground Forces or People's Liberation Army Army (PLAA), Navy (PLAN, includes Marine Corps (PLANMC)), Air Force (PLAAF), Rocket Force (PLARF), Aerospace Force (ASF), Cyberspace Force (CSF), Information Support Force (ISF), Joint Logistics Support Force (JLSF); People's Armed Police (PAP, includes Coast Guard, Border Defense Force, Internal Security Forces); PLA Reserve Force (2025) Expenditures: 1.5% of GDP (2024 est.) Personnel: approximately 2 million active-duty PLA (950,000-1 million Ground; 250,000 Navy, including about 50,000 Marines; 350-400,000 Air Force; 120,000 Rocket Forces; 150-175,000 other forces) (2025) Equipment: the PLA is mostly equipped with domestically produced armaments with smaller amounts of imported weaponry, largely from Russia; China has one of the world's largest defense-industrial sectors and is capable of producing advanced weapons systems across all military domains (2025) - 1787695210.317043		* [40] Branches: People's Liberation Army (PLA): Ground Forces or People's Liberation Army Army (PLAA), Navy (PLAN, includes Marine Corps (PLANMC)), Air Force (PLAAF), Rocket Force (PLARF), Aerospace Force (ASF), Cyberspace Force (CSF), Information Support Force (ISF), Joint Logistics Support Force (JLSF); People's Armed Police (PAP, includes Coast Guard, Border Defense Force, Internal Security Forces); PLA Reserve Force (2025) Expenditures: 1.5% of GDP (2024 est.) Personnel: approximately 2 million active-duty PLA (950,000-1 million Ground; 250,000 Navy, including about 50,000 Marines; 350-400,000 Air Force; 120,000 Rocket Forces; 150-175,000 other forces) (2025) Equipment: the PLA is mostly equipped with domestically produced armaments with smaller amounts of imported weaponry, largely from Russia; China has one of the world's largest defense-industrial sectors and is capable of producing advanced weapons systems across all military domains (2025) - 1787695210.317043

	~~== Images ==~~

	~~[[File:china-flag.png\|thumb\|China flag. (Zeng Liansong, Public domain)]]~~

	~~[[File:china-map.png\|thumb\|China locator map. (Ssolbergj, CC BY-SA 4.0)]]~~

	== How this page is made ==		== How this page is made ==

Sheldon: Sheldon: 12 items shown, 0 provenance group(s), 2026-02-27..2026-08-25

2026-08-26T01:42:49Z

Sheldon: 12 items shown, 0 provenance group(s), 2026-02-27..2026-08-25

Show changes

Sheldon: Sheldon: 12 items shown, 0 provenance group(s), 2026-02-27..2026-08-25

2026-08-26T01:28:33Z

Sheldon: 12 items shown, 0 provenance group(s), 2026-02-27..2026-08-25

Show changes

Sheldon: Sheldon: 12 items shown, 0 provenance group(s), 2026-02-27..2026-08-25

2026-08-26T01:17:54Z

Sheldon: 12 items shown, 0 provenance group(s), 2026-02-27..2026-08-25

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:17, 25 August 2026
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	'''China''' as this archive records it. Every line in the reporting sections below is a headline that was collected, with its outlet and date. Nothing here is written by a model: if a claim appears, some outlet made it, and this page does not say whether it is true. The Background section is different in kind: those lines are encyclopedic facts from a reference work, each cited to the source it came from.		'''China''' as this archive records it. Every line in the reporting sections below is a headline that was collected, with its outlet and date. Nothing here is written by a model: if a claim appears, some outlet made it, and this page does not say whether it is true. The Background section is different in kind: those lines are encyclopedic facts from a reference work, each cited to the source it came from.

			{{Infobox place\|name=China\|type=Place or actor\|region=indo pacific\|rows=66\|asof=2026-08-25}}

	{{Situation\|asof=2026-08-25\|summary=Most recent archived item: China’s ‘Three-Anti’ Legal Framework in Action - reported by The Diplomat\|latest=The Diplomat}}		{{Situation\|asof=2026-08-25\|summary=Most recent archived item: China’s ‘Three-Anti’ Legal Framework in Action - reported by The Diplomat\|latest=The Diplomat}}
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	* [37] Expenditures: 1.5% of GDP (2024 est.) - CIA World Factbook		* [37] Expenditures: 1.5% of GDP (2024 est.) - CIA World Factbook
	* [38] Personnel: approximately 2 million active-duty PLA (950,000-1 million Ground; 250,000 Navy, including about 50,000 Marines; 350-400,000 Air Force; 120,000 Rocket Forces; 150-175,000 other forces) (2025) - CIA World Factbook		* [38] Personnel: approximately 2 million active-duty PLA (950,000-1 million Ground; 250,000 Navy, including about 50,000 Marines; 350-400,000 Air Force; 120,000 Rocket Forces; 150-175,000 other forces) (2025) - CIA World Factbook

			{{See also\|pages=[[Timeline:China\|Timeline: China]] · [[Ukraine]] · [[Taiwan]]}}

	== Publication history ==		== Publication history ==
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	* rev 2, 2026-08-25 — +9 source(s)		* rev 2, 2026-08-25 — +9 source(s)
	* rev 3, 2026-08-25 — rebuilt with no change of sources		* rev 3, 2026-08-25 — rebuilt with no change of sources
			* rev 4, 2026-08-26 — +1 source(s)

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==

Sheldon: Sheldon: 12 items shown, 0 provenance group(s), 2026-02-27..2026-08-25

2026-08-26T00:35:14Z

Sheldon: 12 items shown, 0 provenance group(s), 2026-02-27..2026-08-25

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:35, 25 August 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''China''' as this archive records it. Every line in the reporting sections below is a headline that was collected, with its outlet and date. Nothing here is written by a model: if a claim appears, some outlet made it, and this page does not say whether it is true. The Background section is different in kind: those lines are encyclopedic facts from a reference work, each cited to the source it came from.		'''China''' as this archive records it. Every line in the reporting sections below is a headline that was collected, with its outlet and date. Nothing here is written by a model: if a claim appears, some outlet made it, and this page does not say whether it is true. The Background section is different in kind: those lines are encyclopedic facts from a reference work, each cited to the source it came from.

	{{Situation\|asof=2026-08-24\|summary=Most recent archived item: ~~Rain and flooding from Typhoon Narra hits China and Vietnam~~ - reported by ~~Al Jazeera~~\|latest=~~Al Jazeera~~}}		{{Situation\|asof=2026-08-25\|summary=Most recent archived item: China’s ‘Three-Anti’ Legal Framework in Action - reported by The Diplomat\|latest=The Diplomat}}

	{{Coverage note\|rows=12\|days=2026-02-27 and 2026-08-24}}		{{Coverage note\|rows=12\|days=2026-02-27 and 2026-08-25}}

	== Reporting by provenance ==		== Reporting by provenance ==
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	Items on this subject with no side recorded against them.		Items on this subject with no side recorded against them.

	* [1] 2026-08-24 - Al Jazeera: Rain and flooding from Typhoon Narra hits China and Vietnam		* [1] 2026-08-25 - The Diplomat: China’s ‘Three-Anti’ Legal Framework in Action
	* [2] 2026-08-22 - The War Zone: China’s Next Aircraft Carrier Is Taking Shape		* [2] 2026-08-24 - Al Jazeera: Rain and flooding from Typhoon Narra hits China and Vietnam
	* [3] 2026-08-21 - The War Zone: China’s Massive New Artificial Island In The South China Sea Emerges, Primed For Militarization		* [3] 2026-08-22 - The War Zone: China’s Next Aircraft Carrier Is Taking Shape
	* [4] 2026-08-21 - The Diplomat: Ahead of Xi Visit, US Designates American Held in China as ‘Wrongfully Detained’		* [4] 2026-08-21 - The War Zone: China’s Massive New Artificial Island In The South China Sea Emerges, Primed For Militarization
	* [5] 2026-08-21 - The Diplomat: After 9 Years, China Is Reopening Its Borders To Recycled Plastic		* [5] 2026-08-21 - The Diplomat: Ahead of Xi Visit, US Designates American Held in China as ‘Wrongfully Detained’
	* [6] 2026-08-20 - The War Zone: Our Best Look At China’s New Y-15 Turboprop Airlifter		* [6] 2026-08-21 - The Diplomat: After 9 Years, China Is Reopening Its Borders To Recycled Plastic
	* [7] 2026-08-20 - The Diplomat: China Praises Malaysian PM Anwar Ibrahim For Supportive Comments on Taiwan		* [7] 2026-08-20 - The War Zone: Our Best Look At China’s New Y-15 Turboprop Airlifter
	* [8] 2026-08-01 - outlet not recorded: China helps Iran chip away at US air superiority despite Xi’s no-arms pledge		* [8] 2026-08-20 - The Diplomat: China Praises Malaysian PM Anwar Ibrahim For Supportive Comments on Taiwan
	* [9] 2026-07-22 - outlet not recorded: There is no ‘Middle East.’ There’s a Levant America loves and a Gulf China needs		* [9] 2026-08-01 - outlet not recorded: China helps Iran chip away at US air superiority despite Xi’s no-arms pledge
	* [10] 2026-06-23 - outlet not recorded: Dispatch from Ukraine		* [10] 2026-07-22 - outlet not recorded: There is no ‘Middle East.’ There’s a Levant America loves and a Gulf China needs
	* [11] 2026-06-08 - outlet not recorded: Show Us the Money		* [11] 2026-06-23 - outlet not recorded: Dispatch from Ukraine
	* [12] 2026-06-06 - ynet.co.il: Gaza is a step away from catastrophe		* [12] 2026-06-08 - outlet not recorded: Show Us the Money
	* ...and 54 more not listed here.		* ...and 54 more not listed here.

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	* rev 1, 2026-08-25 — first published from 6 source(s)		* rev 1, 2026-08-25 — first published from 6 source(s)
	* rev 2, 2026-08-25 — +9 source(s)		* rev 2, 2026-08-25 — +9 source(s)
			* rev 3, 2026-08-25 — rebuilt with no change of sources

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==
	Where a durable link was recorded, it is here. Google News items carry a redirect stub rather than an article and are listed above without one.		Where a durable link was recorded, it is here. Google News items carry a redirect stub rather than an article and are listed above without one.

	* [1] Rain and flooding from Typhoon Narra hits China and Vietnam - https://~~www~~.~~aljazeera~~.~~com~~/~~video~~/~~newsfeed/2026/8~~/~~24/rain-and-flooding-from-typhoon-narra-hits-china-and-vietnam?traffic_source=rss~~		* [1] China’s ‘Three-Anti’ Legal Framework in Action - https://thediplomat.com/2026/08/chinas-three-anti-legal-framework-in-action/
	* [2] China’s Next Aircraft Carrier Is Taking Shape - https://~~www~~.~~twz~~.~~com~~/~~sea~~/~~chinas-next-aircraft-carrier-is-taking-shape~~		* [2] Rain and flooding from Typhoon Narra hits China and Vietnam - https://archive.isnull.dev/archive/1787693124.228541/
	* [3] China’s Massive New Artificial Island In The South China Sea Emerges, Primed For Militarization - https://archive.isnull.dev/archive/1787688480.619058/		* [3] China’s Next Aircraft Carrier Is Taking Shape - https://archive.isnull.dev/archive/1787695790.18543/
	* [4] Ahead of Xi Visit, US Designates American Held in China as ‘Wrongfully Detained’ - https://archive.isnull.dev/archive/1787688480.619991/		* [4] China’s Massive New Artificial Island In The South China Sea Emerges, Primed For Militarization - https://archive.isnull.dev/archive/1787688480.619058/
	* [5] After 9 Years, China Is Reopening Its Borders To Recycled Plastic - https://archive.isnull.dev/archive/1787689305.502553/		* [5] Ahead of Xi Visit, US Designates American Held in China as ‘Wrongfully Detained’ - https://archive.isnull.dev/archive/1787688480.619991/
	* [6] Our Best Look At China’s New Y-15 Turboprop Airlifter - https://~~www~~.~~twz~~.~~com~~/~~air~~/~~our-best-look-at-chinas-new-y-15-turboprop-airlifter~~		* [6] After 9 Years, China Is Reopening Its Borders To Recycled Plastic - https://archive.isnull.dev/archive/1787689305.502553/
	* [7] China Praises Malaysian PM Anwar Ibrahim For Supportive Comments on Taiwan - https://archive.isnull.dev/archive/1787691299.924407/		* [7] Our Best Look At China’s New Y-15 Turboprop Airlifter - https://archive.isnull.dev/archive/1787695790.185217/
	* [12] Gaza is a step away from catastrophe - https://archive.isnull.dev/archive/1787653495.040124/		* [8] China Praises Malaysian PM Anwar Ibrahim For Supportive Comments on Taiwan - https://archive.isnull.dev/archive/1787691299.924407/
	* [13] Background: China's historical civilization dates to at least the 13th century B.C., first under the Shang (to 1046 B.C.) and then the Zhou (1046-221 B.C.) dynasties. - 1787695210.317043		* [13] Background: China's historical civilization dates to at least the 13th century B.C., first under the Shang (to 1046 B.C.) and then the Zhou (1046-221 B.C.) dynasties. - 1787695210.317043
	* [14] Background: During this period, China alternated between periods of unity and disunity under a succession of imperial dynasties. - 1787695210.317043		* [14] Background: During this period, China alternated between periods of unity and disunity under a succession of imperial dynasties. - 1787695210.317043