Syria: Difference between revisions
From Daily News War Wiki
Sheldon: 14 items shown, 2 provenance group(s), 2026-02-27..2026-08-25 |
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=== History === | === History === | ||
After World War I, France acquired a mandate over the northern portion of the former Ottoman Empire province of Syria. [15] | |||
The Natufian culture was the first to become sedentary around the 11th millennium BC and became one of the centers of Neolithic culture (known as Pre-Pottery Neolithic A), where agriculture and cattle breeding first began to appear. [16] | |||
The French administered the area until granting it independence in 1946. [17] | |||
The site of Tell Qaramel has several round stone towers dated to 10650 BC, making them the oldest structures of this kind in the world. [18] | |||
The new country lacked political stability and experienced a series of military coups. [19] | |||
The Neolithic period (Pre-Pottery Neolithic B) is represented by rectangular houses of Mureybet culture. At the time, people used containers made of stone, gyps, and burnt lime (Vaisselle blanche). The discovery of obsidian tools from Anatolia are evidence of early trade. The ancient cities of Hamoukar and Emar played an important role during the late Neolithic and Bronze Age. Archaeologists have demonstrated that civilization in Syria was one of the most ancient on earth, perhaps preceded by only that of Mesopotamia. The earliest recorded indigenous civilization in the region was the Kingdom of Ebla near present-day Idlib, northern Syria. [20] | |||
=== Leaders === | === Leaders === | ||
Chief of state: Ahmad al-Shara'; former President Bashar al-ASAD was overthrown by Islamist rebels on 8 December 2024 Head of government: Prime Minister Muhammad al-BASHIR (since 8 December 2024) [21] | |||
=== Geography === | === Geography === | ||
Location: Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey Area: 187,437 sq km Terrain: primarily semiarid and desert plateau; narrow coastal plain; mountains in west Natural resources: petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower [22] | |||
=== Climate === | === Climate === | ||
Climate: mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus [23] | |||
=== Culture === | === Culture === | ||
Syria is a traditional society with a long cultural history. Importance is placed on family, religion, education, self-discipline and respect. [24] | |||
Ethnic groups: Arab ~50%, Alawite ~15%, Kurd ~10%, Levantine ~10%, other ~15% (includes Druze, Ismaili, Imami, Nusairi, Assyrian, Turkoman, Armenian) [25] | |||
Syrians' taste for the traditional arts is expressed in dances such as the al-Samah, the Dabkeh in all their variations, and the sword dance. [26] | |||
Languages: Arabic (official), Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian, French, English [27] | |||
Marriage ceremonies and the births of children are occasions for the lively demonstration of folk customs. [28] | |||
Religions: Muslim 87% (official; includes Sunni 74% and Alawi, Ismaili, and Shia 13%), Christian 10% (includes Orthodox, Uniate, and Nestorian), Druze 3% [29] | |||
Syrian cuisine is rich and varied in its ingredients, linked to the regions where a specific dish has originated. Syrian food mostly consists of southern Mediterranean, Greek, and Southwest Asian dishes. Some Syrian dishes also evolved from Turkish and French cooking: dishes like shish kebab, stuffed zucchini/courgette, and yabraʾ (stuffed grape leaves, the word yabraʾ deriving from the Turkish word yaprak, meaning leaf). The main dishes are kibbeh, hummus, tabbouleh, fattoush, labneh, shawarma, mujaddara, shanklish, pastırma, sujuk and baklava. [30] | |||
=== Government === | === Government === | ||
Government type: transitional presidential republic Capital: Damascus Legal system: mixed system of civil and Islamic (sharia) law (for family courts) [31] | |||
=== Demographics === | === Demographics === | ||
Most people live in the Euphrates River valley and along the coastal plain, a fertile strip between the coastal mountains and the desert. [32] | |||
Population: 24,261,882 (2025 est.) Median age: 24.5 years (2025 est.) [33] | |||
Overall population density before the civil war was about 99 per square kilometre (258 per square mile). According to the World Refugee Survey 2008, published by the U.S. [34] | |||
Urbanization: 57.4% of total population (2023) [35] | |||
Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Syria hosted a population of refugees and asylum seekers numbering approximately 1,852,300. [36] | |||
Major urban areas: 2.585 million DAMASCUS (capital), 2.203 million Aleppo, 1.443 million Hims (Homs), 996,000 Hamah (2023) Life expectancy: 74.8 years (2024 est.) [37] | |||
The vast majority of this population was from Iraq (1,300,000), but sizeable populations from Palestine (543,400) and Somalia (5,200) also lived in the country. In what the UN has described as "the biggest humanitarian emergency of our era", by 2014 about 9.5 million Syrians, half the population, had been displaced since March 2011; 4 million were outside the country as refugees. [38] | |||
Literacy: 94.4% (2021 est.) [39] | |||
By 2020, the UN estimated that over 5.5 million Syrians were living as refugees in the region, and 6.1 million others were internally displaced. Syrians are an overall indigenous Levantine people, closely related to their immediate neighbors, such as Lebanese, Palestinians, Jordanians and Jews. [40] | |||
=== Military === | === Military === | ||
Branches: the interim government authorities in Syria have established a Ministry of Defense and are attempting to unify the dozens of armed factions operating in Syria under a single, state-linked army; it has also established a Ministry of Interior to manage police and other security forces (2025) Personnel: not available Equipment: the military forces of Syria are equipped with Russian and Soviet-era armaments (2025) [41] | |||
{{See also|pages=[[Timeline:Syria|Timeline: Syria]] · [[Turkey]]}} | {{See also|pages=[[Timeline:Syria|Timeline: Syria]] · [[Turkey]]}} | ||
| Line 128: | Line 133: | ||
* rev 11, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources | * rev 11, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources | ||
* rev 12, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources | * rev 12, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources | ||
* rev 13, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources | |||
== Sources == | == Sources == | ||
| Line 137: | Line 143: | ||
* [4] Rescission of Syria’s Designation as a State Sponsor of Terrorism - https://archive.isnull.dev/archive/1787653124.744685/ | * [4] Rescission of Syria’s Designation as a State Sponsor of Terrorism - https://archive.isnull.dev/archive/1787653124.744685/ | ||
* [6] 12 km from Israel: Grad missile arsenal revealed in Syria - https://archive.isnull.dev/archive/1787653856.551351/ | * [6] 12 km from Israel: Grad missile arsenal revealed in Syria - https://archive.isnull.dev/archive/1787653856.551351/ | ||
* [15 | * [15] Background: After World War I, France acquired a mandate over the northern portion of the former Ottoman Empire province of Syria. - 1787695277.227722 | ||
* [16] The Natufian culture was the first to become sedentary around the 11th millennium BC and became one of the centers of Neolithic culture (known as Pre-Pottery Neolithic A), where agriculture and cattle breeding first began to appear. - 1787707535.19268 | |||
* [17] Background: The French administered the area until granting it independence in 1946. - 1787695277.227722 | |||
* [ | * [18] The site of Tell Qaramel has several round stone towers dated to 10650 BC, making them the oldest structures of this kind in the world. - 1787707535.19268 | ||
* [19] Background: The new country lacked political stability and experienced a series of military coups. - 1787695277.227722 | * [19] Background: The new country lacked political stability and experienced a series of military coups. - 1787695277.227722 | ||
* [20 | * [20] The Neolithic period (Pre-Pottery Neolithic B) is represented by rectangular houses of Mureybet culture. At the time, people used containers made of stone, gyps, and burnt lime (Vaisselle blanche). The discovery of obsidian tools from Anatolia are evidence of early trade. The ancient cities of Hamoukar and Emar played an important role during the late Neolithic and Bronze Age. Archaeologists have demonstrated that civilization in Syria was one of the most ancient on earth, perhaps preceded by only that of Mesopotamia. The earliest recorded indigenous civilization in the region was the Kingdom of Ebla near present-day Idlib, northern Syria. - 1787707535.19268 | ||
* [21] Chief of state: Ahmad al-Shara'; former President Bashar al-ASAD was overthrown by Islamist rebels on 8 December 2024 Head of government: Prime Minister Muhammad al-BASHIR (since 8 December 2024) - 1787695277.227722 | |||
* [22] Location: Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey Area: 187,437 sq km Terrain: primarily semiarid and desert plateau; narrow coastal plain; mountains in west Natural resources: petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower - 1787695277.227722 | |||
* [23] Climate: mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus - 1787695277.227722 | |||
* [24] Syria is a traditional society with a long cultural history. Importance is placed on family, religion, education, self-discipline and respect. - 1787707535.19268 | |||
* [ | * [25] Ethnic groups: Arab ~50%, Alawite ~15%, Kurd ~10%, Levantine ~10%, other ~15% (includes Druze, Ismaili, Imami, Nusairi, Assyrian, Turkoman, Armenian) - 1787695277.227722 | ||
* [26] Syrians' taste for the traditional arts is expressed in dances such as the al-Samah, the Dabkeh in all their variations, and the sword dance. - 1787707535.19268 | |||
* [27] Languages: Arabic (official), Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian, French, English - 1787695277.227722 | |||
* [ | * [28] Marriage ceremonies and the births of children are occasions for the lively demonstration of folk customs. - 1787707535.19268 | ||
* [29] Religions: Muslim 87% (official; includes Sunni 74% and Alawi, Ismaili, and Shia 13%), Christian 10% (includes Orthodox, Uniate, and Nestorian), Druze 3% - 1787695277.227722 | |||
* [30] Syrian cuisine is rich and varied in its ingredients, linked to the regions where a specific dish has originated. Syrian food mostly consists of southern Mediterranean, Greek, and Southwest Asian dishes. Some Syrian dishes also evolved from Turkish and French cooking: dishes like shish kebab, stuffed zucchini/courgette, and yabraʾ (stuffed grape leaves, the word yabraʾ deriving from the Turkish word yaprak, meaning leaf). The main dishes are kibbeh, hummus, tabbouleh, fattoush, labneh, shawarma, mujaddara, shanklish, pastırma, sujuk and baklava. - 1787707535.19268 | |||
* [ | * [31] Government type: transitional presidential republic Capital: Damascus Legal system: mixed system of civil and Islamic (sharia) law (for family courts) - 1787695277.227722 | ||
* [32] Most people live in the Euphrates River valley and along the coastal plain, a fertile strip between the coastal mountains and the desert. - 1787707535.19268 | |||
* [ | * [33] Population: 24,261,882 (2025 est.) Median age: 24.5 years (2025 est.) - 1787695277.227722 | ||
* [ | * [34] Overall population density before the civil war was about 99 per square kilometre (258 per square mile). According to the World Refugee Survey 2008, published by the U.S. - 1787707535.19268 | ||
* [ | * [35] Urbanization: 57.4% of total population (2023) - 1787695277.227722 | ||
* [ | * [36] Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Syria hosted a population of refugees and asylum seekers numbering approximately 1,852,300. - 1787707535.19268 | ||
* [ | * [37] Major urban areas: 2.585 million DAMASCUS (capital), 2.203 million Aleppo, 1.443 million Hims (Homs), 996,000 Hamah (2023) Life expectancy: 74.8 years (2024 est.) - 1787695277.227722 | ||
* [ | * [38] The vast majority of this population was from Iraq (1,300,000), but sizeable populations from Palestine (543,400) and Somalia (5,200) also lived in the country. In what the UN has described as "the biggest humanitarian emergency of our era", by 2014 about 9.5 million Syrians, half the population, had been displaced since March 2011; 4 million were outside the country as refugees. - 1787707535.19268 | ||
* [39] Literacy: 94.4% (2021 est.) - 1787695277.227722 | |||
* [40] By 2020, the UN estimated that over 5.5 million Syrians were living as refugees in the region, and 6.1 million others were internally displaced. Syrians are an overall indigenous Levantine people, closely related to their immediate neighbors, such as Lebanese, Palestinians, Jordanians and Jews. - 1787707535.19268 | |||
* [41] Branches: the interim government authorities in Syria have established a Ministry of Defense and are attempting to unify the dozens of armed factions operating in Syria under a single, state-linked army; it has also established a Ministry of Interior to manage police and other security forces (2025) Personnel: not available Equipment: the military forces of Syria are equipped with Russian and Soviet-era armaments (2025) - 1787695277.227722 | |||
* [ | |||
* [ | |||
* [ | |||
* [ | |||
* [ | |||
* [ | |||
* [ | |||
* [ | |||
== Images == | == Images == | ||
Revision as of 20:42, 25 August 2026
This page covers Syria as the archive records it. Related and overlapping: Gaza and Israel, Palestine and Syria.
Syria as this archive records it. Every line in the reporting sections below is a headline that was collected, with its outlet and date. Nothing here is written by a model: if a claim appears, some outlet made it, and this page does not say whether it is true. The Background section is different in kind: those lines are encyclopedic facts from a reference work, each cited to the source it came from.
Syria
{{{image}}}| Type | Place or actor |
|---|---|
| Region | middle east |
| Archived items | 89 |
| As of | 2026-08-25 |
Situation as of 2026-08-25
Most recent archived item: Head of Kurdish forces in Syria announces their dissolution - reported by Middle East Eye
Most recent archived item: Middle East Eye
This page lists 14 archived headlines published between 2026-02-27 and 2026-08-25. It reflects what these feeds reported in that window, not everything that happened.
Reporting by provenance
The tag records where a report came from, not who is fighting. A state outlet is named with its affiliation attached.
Intl
- [1] 2026-08-20 - Long War Journal: Israel strikes military airbase in Syria while warning Turkey
Israel
- [2] 2026-08-23 - Jerusalem Post: Mossad chief, Syria FM hold positive de-escalation talks after Israeli airbase strike, source says
Other archived reporting
Items on this subject with no side recorded against them.
- [3] 2026-08-25 - Middle East Eye: Head of Kurdish forces in Syria announces their dissolution
- [4] 2026-08-24 - US State Department: Rescission of Syria’s Designation as a State Sponsor of Terrorism
- [5] 2026-08-18 - outlet not recorded: Netanyahu's office: Syria risked status quo
- [6] 2026-08-04 - kikar.co.il: 12 km from Israel: Grad missile arsenal revealed in Syria
- [7] 2026-07-25 - outlet not recorded: UN chief says situation in Syria's Golan area 'unacceptable'
- [8] 2026-07-09 - outlet not recorded: Is Syria stable enough to engage with the world?
- [9] 2026-07-06 - outlet not recorded: Syria’s New Parliament: Networks of War, Politics of Appointment, and the Illusion of Representation
- [10] 2026-07-03 - outlet not recorded: Lebanon Back on Syria’s Agenda - Al-Akhbar English
- [11] 2026-07-02 - outlet not recorded: Diplomatic Shifts: Syria and Hezbollah's Possible Engagement
- [12] 2026-07-02 - outlet not recorded: Syria appoints new parliament as Israel tensions continue
- [13] 2026-06-23 - outlet not recorded: “Dear Syria … ”
- [14] 2026-06-23 - outlet not recorded: Dispatch from Ukraine
- ...and 75 more not listed here.
Background
Encyclopedic context, retrieved from a reference work and archived. It is not war reporting and is not counted as any.
History
After World War I, France acquired a mandate over the northern portion of the former Ottoman Empire province of Syria. [15]
The Natufian culture was the first to become sedentary around the 11th millennium BC and became one of the centers of Neolithic culture (known as Pre-Pottery Neolithic A), where agriculture and cattle breeding first began to appear. [16]
The French administered the area until granting it independence in 1946. [17]
The site of Tell Qaramel has several round stone towers dated to 10650 BC, making them the oldest structures of this kind in the world. [18]
The new country lacked political stability and experienced a series of military coups. [19]
The Neolithic period (Pre-Pottery Neolithic B) is represented by rectangular houses of Mureybet culture. At the time, people used containers made of stone, gyps, and burnt lime (Vaisselle blanche). The discovery of obsidian tools from Anatolia are evidence of early trade. The ancient cities of Hamoukar and Emar played an important role during the late Neolithic and Bronze Age. Archaeologists have demonstrated that civilization in Syria was one of the most ancient on earth, perhaps preceded by only that of Mesopotamia. The earliest recorded indigenous civilization in the region was the Kingdom of Ebla near present-day Idlib, northern Syria. [20]
Leaders
Chief of state: Ahmad al-Shara'; former President Bashar al-ASAD was overthrown by Islamist rebels on 8 December 2024 Head of government: Prime Minister Muhammad al-BASHIR (since 8 December 2024) [21]
Geography
Location: Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey Area: 187,437 sq km Terrain: primarily semiarid and desert plateau; narrow coastal plain; mountains in west Natural resources: petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower [22]
Climate
Climate: mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus [23]
Culture
Syria is a traditional society with a long cultural history. Importance is placed on family, religion, education, self-discipline and respect. [24]
Ethnic groups: Arab ~50%, Alawite ~15%, Kurd ~10%, Levantine ~10%, other ~15% (includes Druze, Ismaili, Imami, Nusairi, Assyrian, Turkoman, Armenian) [25]
Syrians' taste for the traditional arts is expressed in dances such as the al-Samah, the Dabkeh in all their variations, and the sword dance. [26]
Languages: Arabic (official), Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian, French, English [27]
Marriage ceremonies and the births of children are occasions for the lively demonstration of folk customs. [28]
Religions: Muslim 87% (official; includes Sunni 74% and Alawi, Ismaili, and Shia 13%), Christian 10% (includes Orthodox, Uniate, and Nestorian), Druze 3% [29]
Syrian cuisine is rich and varied in its ingredients, linked to the regions where a specific dish has originated. Syrian food mostly consists of southern Mediterranean, Greek, and Southwest Asian dishes. Some Syrian dishes also evolved from Turkish and French cooking: dishes like shish kebab, stuffed zucchini/courgette, and yabraʾ (stuffed grape leaves, the word yabraʾ deriving from the Turkish word yaprak, meaning leaf). The main dishes are kibbeh, hummus, tabbouleh, fattoush, labneh, shawarma, mujaddara, shanklish, pastırma, sujuk and baklava. [30]
Government
Government type: transitional presidential republic Capital: Damascus Legal system: mixed system of civil and Islamic (sharia) law (for family courts) [31]
Demographics
Most people live in the Euphrates River valley and along the coastal plain, a fertile strip between the coastal mountains and the desert. [32]
Population: 24,261,882 (2025 est.) Median age: 24.5 years (2025 est.) [33]
Overall population density before the civil war was about 99 per square kilometre (258 per square mile). According to the World Refugee Survey 2008, published by the U.S. [34]
Urbanization: 57.4% of total population (2023) [35]
Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Syria hosted a population of refugees and asylum seekers numbering approximately 1,852,300. [36]
Major urban areas: 2.585 million DAMASCUS (capital), 2.203 million Aleppo, 1.443 million Hims (Homs), 996,000 Hamah (2023) Life expectancy: 74.8 years (2024 est.) [37]
The vast majority of this population was from Iraq (1,300,000), but sizeable populations from Palestine (543,400) and Somalia (5,200) also lived in the country. In what the UN has described as "the biggest humanitarian emergency of our era", by 2014 about 9.5 million Syrians, half the population, had been displaced since March 2011; 4 million were outside the country as refugees. [38]
Literacy: 94.4% (2021 est.) [39]
By 2020, the UN estimated that over 5.5 million Syrians were living as refugees in the region, and 6.1 million others were internally displaced. Syrians are an overall indigenous Levantine people, closely related to their immediate neighbors, such as Lebanese, Palestinians, Jordanians and Jews. [40]
Military
Branches: the interim government authorities in Syria have established a Ministry of Defense and are attempting to unify the dozens of armed factions operating in Syria under a single, state-linked army; it has also established a Ministry of Interior to manage police and other security forces (2025) Personnel: not available Equipment: the military forces of Syria are equipped with Russian and Soviet-era armaments (2025) [41]
See also: Timeline: Syria · Turkey
Publication history
What changed and when. Computed from the sources each revision cited, not written by anyone.
- rev 1, 2026-08-25 — first published from 11 source(s)
- rev 2, 2026-08-25 — sources changed (11 → 0)
- rev 3, 2026-08-25 — +14 source(s), Intl, Israel added
- rev 4, 2026-08-25 — rebuilt with no change of sources
- rev 5, 2026-08-25 — rebuilt with no change of sources
- rev 6, 2026-08-25 — rebuilt with no change of sources
- rev 7, 2026-08-25 — +1 source(s)
- rev 8, 2026-08-25 — rebuilt with no change of sources
- rev 9, 2026-08-26 — +2 source(s)
- rev 10, 2026-08-26 — +11 source(s)
- rev 11, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources
- rev 12, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources
- rev 13, 2026-08-26 — rebuilt with no change of sources
Sources
Where a durable link was recorded, it is here. Google News items carry a redirect stub rather than an article and are listed above without one.
- [1] Israel strikes military airbase in Syria while warning Turkey - https://archive.isnull.dev/archive/1787653124.744552/
- [2] Mossad chief, Syria FM hold positive de-escalation talks after Israeli airbase strike, source says - https://archive.isnull.dev/archive/1787653124.744441/
- [3] Head of Kurdish forces in Syria announces their dissolution - https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/head-kurdish-forces-syria-announces-their-dissolution
- [4] Rescission of Syria’s Designation as a State Sponsor of Terrorism - https://archive.isnull.dev/archive/1787653124.744685/
- [6] 12 km from Israel: Grad missile arsenal revealed in Syria - https://archive.isnull.dev/archive/1787653856.551351/
- [15] Background: After World War I, France acquired a mandate over the northern portion of the former Ottoman Empire province of Syria. - 1787695277.227722
- [16] The Natufian culture was the first to become sedentary around the 11th millennium BC and became one of the centers of Neolithic culture (known as Pre-Pottery Neolithic A), where agriculture and cattle breeding first began to appear. - 1787707535.19268
- [17] Background: The French administered the area until granting it independence in 1946. - 1787695277.227722
- [18] The site of Tell Qaramel has several round stone towers dated to 10650 BC, making them the oldest structures of this kind in the world. - 1787707535.19268
- [19] Background: The new country lacked political stability and experienced a series of military coups. - 1787695277.227722
- [20] The Neolithic period (Pre-Pottery Neolithic B) is represented by rectangular houses of Mureybet culture. At the time, people used containers made of stone, gyps, and burnt lime (Vaisselle blanche). The discovery of obsidian tools from Anatolia are evidence of early trade. The ancient cities of Hamoukar and Emar played an important role during the late Neolithic and Bronze Age. Archaeologists have demonstrated that civilization in Syria was one of the most ancient on earth, perhaps preceded by only that of Mesopotamia. The earliest recorded indigenous civilization in the region was the Kingdom of Ebla near present-day Idlib, northern Syria. - 1787707535.19268
- [21] Chief of state: Ahmad al-Shara'; former President Bashar al-ASAD was overthrown by Islamist rebels on 8 December 2024 Head of government: Prime Minister Muhammad al-BASHIR (since 8 December 2024) - 1787695277.227722
- [22] Location: Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey Area: 187,437 sq km Terrain: primarily semiarid and desert plateau; narrow coastal plain; mountains in west Natural resources: petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower - 1787695277.227722
- [23] Climate: mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus - 1787695277.227722
- [24] Syria is a traditional society with a long cultural history. Importance is placed on family, religion, education, self-discipline and respect. - 1787707535.19268
- [25] Ethnic groups: Arab ~50%, Alawite ~15%, Kurd ~10%, Levantine ~10%, other ~15% (includes Druze, Ismaili, Imami, Nusairi, Assyrian, Turkoman, Armenian) - 1787695277.227722
- [26] Syrians' taste for the traditional arts is expressed in dances such as the al-Samah, the Dabkeh in all their variations, and the sword dance. - 1787707535.19268
- [27] Languages: Arabic (official), Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian, French, English - 1787695277.227722
- [28] Marriage ceremonies and the births of children are occasions for the lively demonstration of folk customs. - 1787707535.19268
- [29] Religions: Muslim 87% (official; includes Sunni 74% and Alawi, Ismaili, and Shia 13%), Christian 10% (includes Orthodox, Uniate, and Nestorian), Druze 3% - 1787695277.227722
- [30] Syrian cuisine is rich and varied in its ingredients, linked to the regions where a specific dish has originated. Syrian food mostly consists of southern Mediterranean, Greek, and Southwest Asian dishes. Some Syrian dishes also evolved from Turkish and French cooking: dishes like shish kebab, stuffed zucchini/courgette, and yabraʾ (stuffed grape leaves, the word yabraʾ deriving from the Turkish word yaprak, meaning leaf). The main dishes are kibbeh, hummus, tabbouleh, fattoush, labneh, shawarma, mujaddara, shanklish, pastırma, sujuk and baklava. - 1787707535.19268
- [31] Government type: transitional presidential republic Capital: Damascus Legal system: mixed system of civil and Islamic (sharia) law (for family courts) - 1787695277.227722
- [32] Most people live in the Euphrates River valley and along the coastal plain, a fertile strip between the coastal mountains and the desert. - 1787707535.19268
- [33] Population: 24,261,882 (2025 est.) Median age: 24.5 years (2025 est.) - 1787695277.227722
- [34] Overall population density before the civil war was about 99 per square kilometre (258 per square mile). According to the World Refugee Survey 2008, published by the U.S. - 1787707535.19268
- [35] Urbanization: 57.4% of total population (2023) - 1787695277.227722
- [36] Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Syria hosted a population of refugees and asylum seekers numbering approximately 1,852,300. - 1787707535.19268
- [37] Major urban areas: 2.585 million DAMASCUS (capital), 2.203 million Aleppo, 1.443 million Hims (Homs), 996,000 Hamah (2023) Life expectancy: 74.8 years (2024 est.) - 1787695277.227722
- [38] The vast majority of this population was from Iraq (1,300,000), but sizeable populations from Palestine (543,400) and Somalia (5,200) also lived in the country. In what the UN has described as "the biggest humanitarian emergency of our era", by 2014 about 9.5 million Syrians, half the population, had been displaced since March 2011; 4 million were outside the country as refugees. - 1787707535.19268
- [39] Literacy: 94.4% (2021 est.) - 1787695277.227722
- [40] By 2020, the UN estimated that over 5.5 million Syrians were living as refugees in the region, and 6.1 million others were internally displaced. Syrians are an overall indigenous Levantine people, closely related to their immediate neighbors, such as Lebanese, Palestinians, Jordanians and Jews. - 1787707535.19268
- [41] Branches: the interim government authorities in Syria have established a Ministry of Defense and are attempting to unify the dozens of armed factions operating in Syria under a single, state-linked army; it has also established a Ministry of Interior to manage police and other security forces (2025) Personnel: not available Equipment: the military forces of Syria are equipped with Russian and Soviet-era armaments (2025) - 1787695277.227722
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